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- Radial Spokes: Structures that extend from the central doublet to the surrounding nine outer doublets in a cilium.
- Reading Frame: (synonym - exon) A sequence of messenger RNA that is translated into an amino acid chain, three bases at a time, each triplet sequence coding for a single amino acid.
- RNA: (synonym - ribonucleic acid) The molecule synthesized from the DNA template; contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, which is present in DNA; three types of RNA exist: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
